Swept Spectrum Analyzer
A swept spectrum analyzer is essentially a swept superheterodyne receiver equipped with a display device. It’s widely used for analyzing the spectrum of continuous and periodic signals, operating across frequency bands that extend into the sub-millimeter range. This tool displays only the amplitude of the signal, ignoring its phase. Its operation relies on a swept oscillator as the local oscillator. The output from this oscillator undergoes sequential difference frequency conversions with each frequency component in the input signal within a mixer. The resulting intermediate frequency signal passes through a narrowband filter, followed by amplification and detection. The video amplifier then controls the vertical deflection signal of the cathode ray tube, ensuring that the vertical display corresponds proportionally to the amplitude of each frequency component. The local oscillator's sweep is governed by a sawtooth voltage generated by the sawtooth sweep generator. This same sawtooth voltage serves as the horizontal sweep of the oscilloscope, aligning the horizontal display with the signal's frequency.
Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer
A real-time spectrum analyzer is designed to extract comprehensive spectral data from a signal within a defined time frame while the signal is present. It specializes in analyzing non-repetitive, stationary stochastic processes and transient phenomena with short durations. It can also handle low-frequency and very low-frequency continuous signals, displaying both amplitude and phase. A Fourier analyzer is a type of real-time spectrum analyzer. It works by converting the input analog signal into a digital format using an analog-to-digital converter. The digital signal is then processed through a digital filter for Fourier analysis, which is managed by a central processor. An orthogonal digital local oscillator generates a varying sine and cosine digital signal that is applied to the digital filter alongside the input signal for Fourier analysis. This local oscillator is swept, producing an output when its frequency matches that of the signal under test. Following integration, the analysis results are sent to a display for visual representation. The sine and cosine outputs from the orthogonal local oscillator yield complex numbers, which can be transformed into amplitude and phase. These results can also be printed, plotted, or transferred to a computer via a standard interface.
In addition to these capabilities, modern spectrum analyzers often include advanced features such as automated calibration routines and connectivity options for remote operation. They are indispensable tools in fields like telecommunications, aerospace, and audio engineering, where precise spectral analysis is critical.
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