Researchers have introduced a groundbreaking technology aimed at enhancing the chemical stability of electrode materials, significantly extending their lifespan by incorporating only minute quantities of metal. The study, led by Professor WooChul Jung from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at KAIST, utilized both computational chemistry and experimental data to uncover how the localized squeezed state surrounding the Sr atom in the perovskite lattice weakens the Sr-O bond, making it easier for ruthenium to separate. This discovery offers a new pathway to address long-standing issues in solid oxide fuel cells.
Fuel cells are considered a cornerstone of future energy technologies, with solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) gaining increasing attention due to their ability to convert various fuels—such as biomass, LNG, and LPG—directly into electricity. A key component of SOFCs is the cathode, where oxygen reduction occurs. Typically, perovskite oxides (ABO3) are used in this role. However, despite their initial high performance, these materials tend to degrade over time, limiting their long-term viability.
One major issue is surface segregation, where strontium oxide (SrOx) accumulates on the surface under high-temperature oxidation conditions, leading to a decline in electrode performance. Through detailed analysis, the research team found that local variations in strain distribution within the perovskite structure are primarily responsible for this degradation. To counteract this, they introduced different-sized metals into the oxide material, effectively controlling the lattice strain and suppressing enthalpy segregation.
Professor WooChul Jung emphasized that this approach requires only a small amount of metal atoms added during the synthesis process, without the need for additional steps. He expressed hope that this innovation will pave the way for more durable and efficient perovskite-based electrodes, advancing the development of sustainable energy systems.
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