Common issues and accidents related to capacitors include:
(1) Oil leakage. This can occur due to damage to the flange or weld during installation or maintenance, or due to manufacturing defects or corrosion over time. Oil leakage may reduce the impregnating agent, leading to moisture ingress and potential local breakdown of components.
(2) Casing expansion. Internal faults such as overvoltage, discharge to the casing, or component breakdown can cause gas generation inside the capacitor, increasing internal pressure and causing the casing to expand. Immediate action or power shutdown is necessary to prevent further incidents.
(3) Capacitor explosion. In high-voltage capacitor banks without internal protection, a short circuit between poles can cause a sudden discharge. If the energy is too high, the capacitor may explode, potentially damaging other equipment or even causing fires. Regular inspections and internal protection devices are essential for prevention.
(4) Excessive temperature rise. Overvoltage, overload, dielectric aging (which increases dielectric loss), or poor cooling conditions can lead to overheating, reducing the lifespan of the capacitor or causing breakdown. Monitoring ambient temperature and implementing cooling measures are crucial. If overheating cannot be controlled, the system should be powered down immediately.
(5) Porcelain insulation flashover. Surface contamination, environmental pollution, bad weather (like rain or snow), or overvoltage can cause flashovers on porcelain insulators, leading to capacitor damage or tripping. In polluted areas, additional protective measures are recommended.
(6) Unusual noises. Abnormal sounds like "zizi" or "gugu" during operation indicate partial discharges inside or outside the capacitor. In such cases, the system should be stopped immediately, and the faulty capacitor should be identified and replaced.
When dealing with capacitor-related accidents, operators must take the following precautions:
(1) Power off the system. The capacitor breaker and isolator should be removed, or the fuse should be taken out to ensure no power is flowing.
(2) Discharge the capacitor. Even though the capacitor may have self-discharged, residual charge might still exist. Before manual discharge, the grounding terminal should be connected first. Then, discharge multiple times until no sparks or sounds are heard.
(3) Use proper protective equipment, such as insulated gloves, and use a shorting wire to connect the two poles during discharge (as residual charge may still exist between them).
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