At present, embedded processors based on ARM cores have become the dominant force in the embedded systems market. With the widespread adoption of ARM technology, developing an embedded operating system tailored for ARM architecture has become a significant area of research. S3C2410 is a 16/32-bit embedded processor developed by Samsung, built upon the ARM920T core. It operates at speeds exceeding 200 MHz and features rich on-chip resources such as MMU and cache. As one of the most widely shipped processors based on the ARM920T core, it has found extensive use in various applications.
Currently, there are numerous embedded operating systems available, including VxWorks from Wind River, Windows CE from Microsoft, and many others. However, a growing number of developers prefer Linux due to its open-source nature, which allows for easy modification and adaptation to their target platforms. The results of such efforts have been highly satisfactory, and the combination of Linux with ARM-based hardware is expected to bring significant innovation to the embedded systems domain.
**2.1 The Meaning of Porting**
To run standard Linux on ARM-based embedded processors, the process of porting (porting) is essential. Porting refers to the act of adapting a software system to function properly on a specific hardware platform. This involves making necessary modifications to the parts of the code that are dependent on the hardware architecture.
The kernel source code's `arch` subdirectory contains all the core code related to the platform architecture. Each subdirectory corresponds to a supported architecture, and `arm` is the directory for our chosen processor. Most of our porting work focuses on this directory.
**2.2 Specific Implementation of Porting**
Assuming we have a complete cross-compilation environment, the porting process can begin. Using Linux 2.4 as an example, we start from the `/usr/src/linux-2.4.18` directory.
In the `Makefile`, we need to define the target platform:
```makefile
ARCH := $(shell uname -m | sed -e 's/i.86/i386/' -e 's/sun4u/sparc64/' -e 's/arm.*/arm/' -e 's/sa110/arm/')
```
Then set the architecture:
```makefile
ARCH := arm
```
Set the cross-compiler:
```makefile
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-
```
Next, we modify the `arch/arm/Makefile`. Since the 2.4 kernel does not natively support the S3C2410, we need to add the following lines:
```makefile
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410), y)
TEXTADDR = xxx
MACHINE = s3c2410
endif
```
Here, `TEXTADDR` represents the virtual starting address of the kernel, which is typically set to `PAGE_OFFSET + 0x8000`, depending on the actual configuration.
In the `arch/arm/config.in` file, we need to add a suboption for `CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410` to appear in the configuration menu:
```makefile
if [ "$CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410" = "y" ]; then
comment 'Archimedes/A5000 Implementations'
dep_bool 'SMDK (MERI TECH BOARD)'
CONFIG_S3C2410_SMDK
$CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410
# other options
fi
```
This ensures that the S3C2410 board is recognized during the configuration process.
Finally, in the `arch/arm/boot/Makefile`, additional configurations may be required to ensure proper booting of the kernel on the target hardware.
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