At present, embedded processors based on ARM cores have become the dominant choice in the embedded systems market. With the widespread adoption of ARM technology, the development of an embedded operating system tailored for ARM architecture has become a significant research focus. S3C2410, a 16/32-bit embedded processor developed by Samsung based on the ARM920T core, operates at speeds exceeding 200 MHz. It features rich on-chip resources such as MMU and cache, making it one of the most widely shipped processors based on the ARM920T core. Today, there are numerous embedded operating systems available, including VxWorks from Wind River, Windows CE from Microsoft, and others. However, many developers prefer Linux due to its open-source nature, which allows easy customization and porting to their target platforms. The results of such porting efforts have been quite satisfactory, and the combination of Linux with ARM-based hardware is expected to play a major role in the future of embedded systems.
**2.1 The Meaning of Porting**
To run standard Linux on an ARM-based embedded processor, the process of porting (porting) is essential. Porting refers to adapting a software system so that it functions correctly on a specific hardware platform. This involves making necessary adjustments to the parts of the software that are dependent on the hardware architecture. The kernel source code's "arch" directory contains all the core code related to the platform architecture. Each subdirectory within this folder represents a supported architecture, and "arm" corresponds to the architecture we are targeting. Most of our porting work is focused in this directory.
**2.2 Specific Implementation of Porting**
If a complete cross-compilation environment has been set up, the porting process can begin. For example, using Linux 2.4 as the base, the source code would typically be located in `/usr/src/linux-2.4.18`.
In the `Makefile`, we need to define the target platform by setting `ARCH := arm` and specifying the cross-compiler with `CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-`.
Next, the `arch/arm/Makefile` handles the generation of the startup code. Since Linux 2.4 does not natively support the S3C2410, we manually add the following lines:
```makefile
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410), y)
TEXTADDR = xxx
MACHINE = s3c2410
endif
```
Here, `TEXTADDR` represents the virtual start address of the kernel, usually set to `PAGE_OFFSET + 0x8000`, depending on the specific configuration.
The `arch/arm/config.in` file determines what options appear in the configuration menu. We need to add a suboption for `CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410`. For example:
```makefile
if [ "$CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410" = "y" ]; then
comment 'Archimedes/A5000 Implementations'
dep_bool 'SMDK (MERI TECH BOARD)'
CONFIG_S3C2410_SMDK
$CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410
# other options
fi
```
Additionally, we adjust conditional checks for other architectures to ensure compatibility. Finally, we update the `arch/arm/boot/Makefile` to include any necessary boot-related configurations. This detailed process ensures that Linux runs smoothly on the ARM-based platform, paving the way for efficient and customizable embedded solutions.
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