The product showcases a range of technical details, including parallel thermistors, NTC thermistors, and a comprehensive product line. As an authorized agent of Sunlord, we provide high-quality components that meet industry standards. Our factory offers direct pricing on 0603 emerald green and 0603 green resistors, with a thickness of 0.6mm, available in large quantities at competitive prices. Additionally, the test probe P100-B can be customized to fit specific requirements. We also offer photocouplers for various applications.
When it comes to temperature measurement, several factors can affect accuracy. First, the instruments used—such as temperature controllers, recorders, and voltmeters (in mV)—have inherent tolerances. For example, a partial pressure voltmeter may have an error margin of 0.001% plus 0.01mV or more, while digital temperature controllers typically have an error of at least 0.25% of the full scale, plus the error from the last digit.
Second, the thermocouple wire itself can introduce errors due to variations in material quality based on national standards. For instance, Type K thermocouples from the U.S. ANSI standard have an ordinary grade tolerance of ±2.2°C or 0.75%, and a precision grade of ±1.1°C or 0.4%. Similarly, Japan's JIS Type K has an ordinary grade of ±2.5°C or 0.75%, and a precision grade of ±1.5°C or 0.4%.
Third, the reference junction (cold junction) can cause errors during calibration if an ice water bath is used, potentially introducing an error of 0.05°C to 1°C. In field applications, when compensation cables are used alongside thermocouples, the electromotive force remains unaffected if both junctions are at the same temperature.
Fourth, the error from compensation wires tends to be higher than that of thermocouple wires, often about twice as much. This is because they are made from different materials and are categorized into different grades. When using extension cables, maintaining a proper low temperature is crucial to avoid significant errors.
Fifth, heat conduction, also known as thermal short circuit, can lead to inaccuracies. If the thermocouple is not inserted deeply enough, heat transfer through the protective tube can cause temperature readings to be affected. The error is typically proportional to the diameter of the protective tube, ranging from 10 to 20 times its size.
Sixth, poor insulation can result in electrical short circuits, especially at high temperatures. This can cause a short between the two wires, leading to errors of up to 1% to 10% of the measured temperature, depending on where the short occurs.
Seventh, magnetic interference can affect the thermocouple or compensation wires by altering the movement of electrons and changing the electromotive force. Inductive fields from transformers and motors, or current fields from electrical cables, require shielding with materials like copper or platinum to minimize impact.
Eighth, friction between the thermocouple and high-speed fluids (gas or liquid) can generate additional heat, leading to measurement errors.
Ninth, thermal radiation can cause the thermocouple to read a higher temperature than the actual value if it is placed too close to a heat source.
Lastly, self-generated heat due to the current flowing through the sensor (such as a thermocouple or platinum resistor) can introduce errors. This effect is more pronounced in resistive thermometers, so using low currents is recommended to improve measurement accuracy.
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