During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's power grid construction has experienced a period of rapid development, and its scale has leapt to the top in the world. At present, China has built six major inter-provincial power grids, namely the South, Northwest, East China, Central China, North China and Northeast China. The total length of transmission lines exceeds 1.15 million kilometers. Transmission lines of 500KV and above have become various areas. The main power transmission of the grid. China's territory is vast, its terrain is relatively complex, there are more hills and fewer plains, and the complex and varied meteorological conditions bring difficulties to the construction of trans-regional power grids and EHV transmission lines, plus after the completion. Maintenance and maintenance, relying on existing inspection methods and routine testing can not meet the requirements of high efficiency and speed, and can not achieve good results. The use of drone technology can well complete the power inspection and construction planning tasks, and it can naturally be recognized by power companies and applied on a large scale.
technical standard
In 2013, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) issued the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Drivers for Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems. The industry generally believes that this represents the first step in the development of drone specification management.
In the power industry, UAVs are mainly used for inspection of overhead transmission lines. For this reason, the State Grid has issued Q/GDW 11383-2015 "Guidelines for the Configuration of Overhead Transmission Lines for Overhead Transmission Lines", and China Southern Power Grid has released "Overhead" Technical specifications for patrol pods of transmission line machines (for trial implementation), China Electricity Council issued DL/T 1482-2015 "Technical Guidelines for Inspection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Overhead Transmission Lines", for patrol inspection systems and photoelectric cranes The cabin is regulated.
System Overview
According to Q/GDW 11383-2015 “Guidelines for the Configuration of Overhead Transmission Inspection System for Overhead Transmission Lines†issued by the State Grid, the UAV inspection system refers to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to carry visible light, infrared and other detection equipment to complete overhead transmission line inspection. Check the operating system of the task.
The UAV inspection system generally consists of a drone sub-system, a mission load sub-system and an integrated support sub-system. The UAV sub-system is composed of unmanned aircraft, ground stations and communication systems, and completes the mission by remote command. The mission load sub-system refers to a system that performs specific mission functions such as detecting, collecting, and recording overhead transmission line information, and generally includes equipment or devices such as an opto-electric pod, a pan/tilt, a camera, an infrared camera, and a ground display control unit. The comprehensive support subsystem refers to a collection of equipment and tools that ensure the normal operation of the drone inspection system, generally including power supply equipment, power supply (fuel or power battery), special tools, spare parts, and storage and transportation vehicles.
The UAV inspection system includes unmanned helicopters (generally divided into single-rotor with tail-flush and multi-rotor) inspection systems and fixed-wing UAV inspection systems. Unmanned helicopters are classified into medium-sized unmanned helicopters and small unmanned helicopters according to the quality of the aircraft. The medium-sized unmanned helicopter refers to an unmanned helicopter with an air mass of more than 7kg and less than or equal to 116kg. It is generally a single-rotor with a tail-type unmanned helicopter, which is suitable for medium-range multi-task refinement inspection. Small unmanned helicopters refer to unmanned helicopters with an air quality of less than or equal to 7kg, generally electric multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles, suitable for short-distance multi-directional fine inspection and fault inspection.
System Features
The drone can take off and land vertically without any auxiliary equipment. It does not require a special airport and runway. It has extremely low environmental requirements and can take off and land anywhere in the wild.
The drone has high flight precision and can hover, fly forward, fly backward, side fly, and hover for a long time. The multi-rotor UAV can fly and inspect under the topography of lakes, lakes, mountains, etc., and can use the air superiority to check the operation of the transmission line in all directions and high precision, so it can make up for the shortage of manual inspection.
The drone has a large controllable range and high intelligence, and can realize various advanced functions such as program-controlled autonomous flight and automatic returning. The operation is very simple and effective, and has strong fault tolerance. The system performance is stable and reliable, flexible and flexible, and operating cost. low.
The drone photoelectric pod can be equipped with a wide range of equipment, in addition to visible light and infrared cameras and UV imagers, it can also play a role at night. The infrared camera can find the hidden faulty heat fault point by comparing the temperature abnormality contrast value; the ultraviolet imager can indirectly evaluate the insulation condition of the running equipment and timely discover the insulation equipment by using the generation and enhancement of corona and surface partial discharge. defect. The UV imager and the infrared camera are complementary technologies. Combined with the traditional visible light line, it can greatly improve the accuracy of fault detection and win valuable time for fault repair.
Value
In addition to the line inspection, the application of the drone in the power industry can also assist in line erection and line planning.
Line inspection
Line maintenance and inspection have a very important role in the power system, and have received more attention from power experts. Through the relevant data and image data, it can be clearly seen that the drone technology can play a very important role in observing the appearance of the equipment. Through the drone, the relevant personnel of the power department can clearly determine whether the important components are damaged or not. The safety of transmission lines guarantees the electricity consumption of residents. In addition to normal inspections and special inspections, the UAV can also be applied to the post-disaster fault inspection of the power grid. When the disaster causes the road to be blocked and the personnel can not inspect, the drone can play an alternative role, carry out the inspection of the transmission line, accurately locate the tower and the line fault, and have a wider angle of view, which can avoid the "blind spot". UAV inspections increase the speed and efficiency of power maintenance and overhaul, enabling many jobs to be completed quickly with full power, 40 efficiencies than manual patrol. During the inspection, the aliens can also remove foreign objects such as kites, balloons, and plastic bags on the line.
Line erection
In the construction process of transmission lines, the length of the corridors and the terrain are complicated. The dense forests in the valleys and rivers in the areas where the lines pass, which brings great inconvenience to the erection of the lines, and the implementation of the project is very difficult. In order to effectively alleviate the contradiction between ecological environment protection and overhead construction, the drone can be used to display guide lines. The drone first flies over the line and applies a lightweight high-strength lead rope through each base tower, and then uses this lightweight lead rope to continuously pull the subsequent lead rope until a three-stage lead rope is pulled and the wire is erected. In this way, the high strength of the manpower display guide rope and the difficulty of landing the guide rope for the power parachute are solved, and the tree felling of the line passage is also reduced, thereby maximally protecting the natural ecology.
Line planning
The UAV's mapping system has many advantages, including real-time, low cost, fast response, and high flexibility. Compared with ordinary aerial remote sensing and satellite remote sensing, the advantages are more obvious. It can obtain optical images, topographic images, and transmission line images at low altitude, which cannot be replaced by other mapping and monitoring methods. When planning corridors for various types of transmission lines, detailed information collection and mapping work needs to be carried out on the planning area. The best way is to use the UAV mapping system, which not only ensures the efficiency of data acquisition, but also can be used in many aspects. Reduce the impact of the environment on information gathering and surveying. According to the data collected by the UAV, the effective analysis can comprehensively take into account various factors, make full use of limited resources, make the regional planning and route direction more reasonable, optimize the path of the transmission line, and effectively reduce the national construction cost of the transmission line.
Application prospect
With the development of the economy and the advancement of science and technology, the drone technology has become more and more mature. The use of drones to inspect the power system lines not only reduces the failure rate that occurs during the manual inspection process, but also effectively reduces the power. The cost budget of the enterprise also improves the efficiency of the power inspection work.
At present, the State Grid and the relevant departments of China Southern Power Grid are making efforts to promote the construction of drone teams and improve various support systems to prepare for the wide application of drones in the power industry. UAVs will usher in comprehensive application. New stage.
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