From the closed rural small industrial chain, to "vegetables follow the mouse"; from "one mouth and two legs" for agricultural technology promotion, to intelligent information interaction networks; from spring planting and autumn harvesting, eating by the sky, to field management automation Of "aware agriculture", information and communication technology (ICT) is penetrating into every corner of agricultural production and rural life. The theme of this year's World Telecommunication and Information Society Day is "Information and Communication Technology Makes Rural Life Better". At the commemorative conference, many experts said that as a pioneer in breaking the urban-rural dual structure, the telecommunications industry successfully completed the The goal of rural and rural Internet access is that as an independent industry, rural work has been done well enough. Rural informatization is a long process. The telecommunications industry should play a greater role in rural economic and social development. In addition to expanding coverage and technological upgrading in the network, it must also be brought together with the government, the agricultural sector, and other links in the ICT industry chain. Come hand in hand, form a joint force, make a substantial breakthrough in application, and truly achieve the goal of "ICT makes rural life better".
The operation mechanism of agriculture, industry and tertiary industry is different, especially in rural China, and the evolution of developed countries is very different. In the trend of urbanization, the urban-rural gap in China is further increasing, and information asymmetry is the key factor. Despite the unremitting efforts of telecom operators, the voice communication gap is narrowing, but the Internet gap is widening. In the future, if the telecommunications industry wants to promote the in-depth application of ICT in rural areas, it is necessary to closely integrate technology with rural production, government affairs, and spiritual civilization construction, and adopt an effective development model.
——In network deployment, seek low-cost mobile broadband deployment solutions to make farmers “affordableâ€. Restricted by the rural computer penetration rate and low application level, mobile Internet has shown greater value in rural areas. The proportion of netizens who only use mobile phones to access the Internet is three times higher in rural areas than in urban areas. There is no doubt that 3G commercialization is of great significance to the development of rural mobile Internet. However, the population density in rural areas is low, and farmers' ICT consumption is highly price-sensitive, so the deployment cost of mobile broadband networks should be greatly reduced. On the basis that the telecommunication network is fully IP-based and flattened, at this year's commemorative conference, many manufacturers have provided mature low-ARPU solutions. In rural areas, the bandwidth requirement of a single user is similar to that of a city, but the number of concurrent data streams is much less. Therefore, the network should achieve high speed and wide coverage as much as possible. At the same time, considering the operation and maintenance costs, the number of base stations and equipment rooms should be reduced . At present, distributed base stations and carrier frequency shutdown technologies have begun to be used in large quantities, and the concept of cloud computing has also been penetrated into the construction of mobile networks. Centralizing the wireless bandwidth capabilities to form a resource pool, which can be used collaboratively in a large area, can reduce the user's cost of use. In addition, due to insufficient power supply capacity, green energy saving is also the direction of efforts of various manufacturers. With the maturity of wind energy and solar energy technology, and the mixed use with commercial power and oil engines, base station energy solutions have become more and more abundant. In addition, the 3G deployment scenarios in rural areas are also very different, and equipment manufacturers also show many details of R & D results: a solar panel embedded installation solution can effectively prevent theft; a rural intelligent trading terminal can let farmers in the village grocery Pay and handle business in the store. Under the guidance of operators, the research and development of rural communication technology is constantly advancing.
——In the application of information, seek an accurate entry point so that farmers can "use it". The purpose of rural information consumption is much clearer than that of urban people. Farmers ’information consciousness is weak, the government is anxious, enterprises are anxious, and experts are anxious, but farmers are often not anxious, because many so-called informatization achievements are out of line with the individualized needs of farmers, and they do not really benefit them. On the contrary, some applications with the color of "excessive consumption of ICT" are more resistant to farmers. It should be said that under the vigorous investment of the telecommunications industry, rural information and communication facilities tend to be improved, which may be only "the last mile", but the difference in application is 108,000 miles. In theory, ICT access around the world has formed a relatively mature system and entered a relatively stable stage of knowledge accumulation. The application of ICT is still in the exploration stage in theory and practice, and there is no mature knowledge system. There are many image projects, demonstration projects, and model projects in the application of rural informatization in China, but few are popularized on a large scale. In order for ICT to be truly effective in the field, it must first integrate various technological means in the industry, especially the integration of communication technology, computer technology and Internet of Things technology. Farmers really feel the benefits. For example, a survey showed that 84% of the respondents have increased concerns about food safety, and 69% of the respondents said they have been exposed to unsafe food. If you can combine the Internet of Things, cloud computing and 3G, use radio frequency identification technology to mark green products, use 3G wireless broadband network to realize information transmission, and then use cloud computing technology to configure the traceable data center in the background, you can form a relatively complete Food traceability system to increase the value of rural green products.
——In terms of development mode, government enterprises should share the cost of rural informatization more so that farmers can "use it long". Experts introduced at the meeting that countries in the world have different strategic starting points for rural informatization construction, but the government-led and vigorous support is common. The accumulation and low-cost sharing of US information resources are part of the US agricultural policy subsidies; the construction funds of the Japanese agricultural science and technology information network come from the government budget, and the information resources are provided free of charge by scientific research institutions at all levels. Although it is said that relying solely on government input is not a long-term mechanism, it is even more unrealistic to rely solely on market behavior and to pour money from farmers' pockets to support informatization construction. Rural informatization is a process of demand guidance, but also a process of slow release of prices. Related costs should be shared to other links as much as possible. Therefore, relevant experts call on the state to encourage and compensate telecommunication operators for large-scale, industrialized development of rural information and communication, and avoid implementation of multi-management and multi-party interventions during the implementation to increase operators ’enthusiasm to expand the rural information market .
The futurist Alvin Tovler once suggested that China should use the power of all powerful technologies such as information technology and broadband technology to use the technical power under the "third wave" to change the life in the "first wave". The quality of life of the population. The 3G era has arrived, and the rural information and communication market will gradually enter the "deep water area" in the future. The telecommunications industry should continue to strengthen its sense of responsibility and take effective measures to obtain support from the government and industry chain partners to make rural areas informatized. Market "Field of Hope"!
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