Three-axis gyroscope in mobile phone

The iPhone 4 uses a miniature, electronic vibrating gyroscope, also known as a microelectromechanical gyroscope. The iPhone 4 is the world's first mobile phone with a built-in MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) three-axis gyroscope that senses motion, acceleration, and angle changes from six directions.

The release of every iPhone product always brings us some new applications. What did the iPhone 4 bring to us? The three-axis gyroscope should be a highlight of the iPhone 4's hardware configuration.

The working principle of the first and third axis gyroscope

Three-axis gyroscope: Simultaneously measure the position in six directions, move the trajectory, and accelerate. A single axis can only measure the amount in one direction, that is, one system requires three gyroscopes, and one of the three axes can replace three single axes. The 3-axis has a small volume, light weight, simple structure and good reliability, and is a development trend of the laser gyro.

The principle of the three-axis gyroscope is shown in the figure.

Figure 1 Principle of three-axis gyroscope

Built-in three-axis gyroscope in the latest iPhone 4, it can work with the accelerator and compass, can achieve 6-axis direction sensing, the more use of the three-axis gyroscope will be reflected in GPS and game effects. In general, after using a three-axis gyroscope, the navigation software can add a precise speed display, which is a powerful impact for the existing GPS navigation. At the same time, the gravity sensing feature of the game is more powerful and intuitive, and the game effect will be greatly improved. Upgrade. This feature allows the phone to continue to navigate the user with the direction and magnitude of the acceleration perceived by the gyroscope as it enters the tunnel to lose GPS signals. The three-axis gyroscope will be combined with the iPhone's original distance sensor, light sensor, and direction sensor to bring the iPhone 4's human-computer interaction function to a new level.

Second, three-axis gyroscope application

In engineering, a gyroscope is an instrument capable of accurately determining the orientation of a moving object. It is an inertial navigation instrument widely used in modern aviation, navigation, aerospace and defense industries. Its development is in a country's industry. The development of national defense and other high technologies is of great strategic importance. The traditional inertial gyroscope mainly refers to the mechanical gyroscope. The mechanical gyroscope has high requirements on the process structure and the structure is complex, and its precision is restricted by many aspects. Since the 1970s, the development of modern gyroscopes has entered a new stage. In 1976, Vali and Shorthill of the University of Utah in the United States proposed the basic idea of â€‹â€‹modern fiber optic gyroscopes. After the 1980s, modern fiber optic gyroscopes developed very rapidly, and at the same time, laser resonant gyroscopes also developed greatly. . Due to its compact structure, high sensitivity, reliable operation, etc., fiber optic gyroscopes have completely replaced mechanical traditional gyroscopes in many fields and become a key component in modern navigation instruments. In addition to the ring laser gyroscope, there is a modern integrated vibrating gyroscope developed by the fiber optic gyroscope. The integrated vibrating gyroscope has higher integration and smaller size, and is also an important modern gyroscope. Direction of development.

Modern fiber optic gyroscopes include both interferometric gyroscopes and resonant gyroscopes, all based on Segnik's theory. The point of Segnik's theory is this: when the beam is moving in an annular channel, if the ring channel itself has a rotational speed, then the time it takes for the light to travel in the direction of the channel rotation is greater than the time it takes to travel along the channel. It takes more time to move in the opposite direction. That is to say, when the optical loop rotates, the optical path of the optical loop changes with respect to the optical path of the loop at rest in different forward directions. By using this change in optical path, if the speed of the loop is measured by interfering with the light traveling in different directions, an interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope can be manufactured, if the change of the optical path of the loop is utilized. Resonant fiber optic gyroscopes can be fabricated by interfering with the continuous cycling of light in the loop, that is, by adjusting the resonant frequency of the fiber loop and measuring the rotational speed of the loop. It can be seen from this simple introduction that the interferometric gyroscope has a small optical path difference in realizing interference, so the required light source can have a large spectral width, and the resonant gyroscope realizes interference when it The optical path difference is large, so the light source required by it must have good monochromaticity.

In 2010, Apple innovatedly placed a â€œthree-axis gyroscopeâ€ in the new iPhone 4, making the iPhone's direction sensing more intelligent. From then on, the phone also has an â€œinductionâ€ like an airplane. In what position."

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