1 Introduction
Organic electroluminescent display (OLED) technology is the next generation of the most competitive flat panel display technology. At present, the research focus of OLED is to improve the stability of the device, luminous efficiency and high-speed dynamic display driving technology to achieve practical requirements. From the practical point of view, this paper first discusses the development of stable green organic thin film electroluminescent devices, and elaborates the production of 96-TImes; 64 dot matrix PM-OLED display, focusing on the use of Solomon's new products, set control The device, the row driver and the column driver are integrated into the OLED display control driving circuit SSD1303 and the single chip AT89C51 to drive the OLED display. The results of this work are from laboratory to application, providing a feasible method for the practical application of OLED.
2. Preparation of matrix display
2.1 Structure and materials used in OLED
The structure of the OLED adopts a relatively mature multilayer structure, that is, a stable green organic thin film electroluminescent device composed of a plurality of organic thin films sandwiched between an anode and a cathode. The structure is ITO/CuPc/NPB/Alq3: QA/Mg: Ag.
In order to efficiently inject holes from the anode, the work function of the anode is required to be as high as possible, and ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is used as the anode.
In order to efficiently inject electrons into an organic material, the work function of the cathode material is low. Such as Mg, Li, etc., but because they are unstable in air and unstable, so it can be used with other stable metal alloys. We use Mg:Ag as the cathode to improve the quantum efficiency and stability of the device. A stable and strong metal film is formed on the organic film.
The CuPc (copper phthalocyanine) buffer layer is added to improve device stability and lifetime. NPB (diamine derivative: N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1, 1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine) is a hole transport layer. The electron transport layer and the light-emitting layer are Alq3 (8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum), which is both an electroluminescent material and an electron transporting material. The introduction of the transport layer is to improve the injection balance of electrons and holes to improve the luminous efficiency of the device. QA (quinacridone) is a green light dopant for the device, and the QA-doped device has an advantage in stability. .
2.2 Preparation of the display
The PM-OLED uses a common matrix cross screen. The OLED is located between the cross-arranged anode and cathode. By strobing the anode and cathode combinations, the illumination of each OLED can be controlled.
The matrix display is prepared by forming a strip electrode (anode) in the X direction on the ITO conductive glass by a photolithography process, the line width is 0.4 mm, the line spacing is 0.1 mm, and then CuPc, NPB, Alq3 are successively evaporated on the ITO conductive glass. The dopant QA, and finally the metal Mg:Ag alloy electrode (cathode) in the Y direction, the line width is also 0.4 mm, the line spacing is 0.1 mm, and each pixel size is 0.4 & TImes; O.4 (mm2), matrix Display resolution 96 & TImes; 64, effective area 48 & TImes; 32 mm2. Since the cleanliness of the ITO surface greatly affects the performance of the device, the ITO substrate is cleaned prior to evaporation, including ultrasonic cleaning, organic solvent vapor After degreasing treatment, multiple rinses with deionized water and oxygen plasma treatment are used.
We used the PR650, Keithley 2400 Source Meter and other testers to measure the pixel characteristics. When the applied voltage is 15V, the brightness of the device can reach 10000cd/m2. When the current density is 20 mA/cm2, the brightness of the device is 1900 cd/m2. Since the OLED is a current type device, the brightness of the display can be controlled by current. We use the normalized brightness (brightness/initial brightness) versus working time (hours) to represent the device decay curve with an initial brightness of 420 cd/m2 and a half-brightness lifetime of 3300 hours, with an initial brightness of 100 cd/m2. The half-brightness life is 13,860 hours, so the display has fully met the practical requirements.
3. OLED matrix display driver IC selection
At present, there are many companies in the world that are engaged in the design of OLED-specific ICs. There are no companies in China that can produce OLED-specific ICs. In the international arena, there are Solomon companies in Hong Kong and Clare in the United States.
Clare's driver ICs for OLED displays, such as the MXED102 row driver and the MXED202 column driver IC, are considered to be integrated, finished OLED display drivers.
Solomon's SSD1301 is recognized as the first integrated circuit dedicated to OLED display control drivers that integrates controllers, row drivers, and column drivers. The SSD1303 is currently a new product from Solomon. Through experiments, we successfully driven the 96×64 dot matrix OLED display with SSD1303.
The internal circuit block diagram of the SSD1303 chip is shown in Figure 1: mainly by MCU interface, command decoder, oscillator, display timing generator, voltage control and current control, area color decoder, and graphic display data memory (GDDRAM), The line driver and column driver are composed. This IC's dedicated OLED driver solution optimizes OLED display performance and reduces power consumption. The device is available in a TCP/TAB package. It has a graphic display that drives a maximum of 132×64 dot matrix, provides a logic power supply of 2.4 to 3.5V, a power supply to the OLED panel of 7.0 to 16V, a column output maximum current of 320μA, a line input maximum current of 45mA, and a low current. Sleep mode less than 5μA, 256 levels of contrast control, programmable frame rate, with several MCU interfaces, such as 68/80 parallel bus and serial peripheral interface, 132 × 65bit display buffer, can be scrolled vertically, support partial display, work Temperature: -40 oC to 85 oC. The use of such chips can further improve the reliability and competitiveness of products, and is the mainstream product in the future.
4. System hardware and software design:
The whole system consists of three parts: single chip microcomputer, control drive circuit SSD1303 and OLED display. The pins of SSD1303 and MCU interface are: DO~D7 is the data bus interface with the single chip microcomputer, R/W(RW#) is the read/write selection signal. D/C is the data/command selection signal, CS# is the chip select signal, active low, E(RD#) is the enable signal, and RES# is the reset signal. The single-chip microcomputer adopts the low-power and high-performance AT89C51 produced by ATMEL Company. The hardware wiring of AT89C51 and SSD1303 and the display is shown in Figure 2. P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, P1.3 and P1.4 respectively Connected to R/W (RW#), D/C, CS#, E(RD#), and RES# of SSD1303, P0 port is connected to the data bus of SSD1303. Other pins are connected to VCC to 12V, VDD to 2.7V, VSS to ground, and so on. These pins are controlled by the program below so that the OLED displays the desired Chinese characters or graphics. The main program software flow chart is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2 The hardware wiring of the single chip AT89C51 and SSD1303 and the display
Figure 3 main program software flow chart
5 Conclusion
According to the above scheme, on the basis of studying the stable green organic thin film electroluminescent device, a 96×64 dot matrix OLED display was produced, and the display was successfully driven by SSD1303 and AT89C51, and the display effect was good. However, during the test, we found that there are still some defects in the display, which are mainly due to some shortcomings in the existing OLED manufacturing process, which are still to be further solved in the future work. We believe that with the growing demand for flat panel displays, OLED display technology will be further developed. As one of the most promising display devices, OLED will become a mainstream technology in flat panel display applications.
The innovation of this paper is to improve the stability of green organic thin film electroluminescent device and meet the practical requirements, and design the control circuit of OLED matrix display, which provides an effective OLED from laboratory research to practical application. The approach has a positive significance for promoting the industrialization of OLED displays.
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