Presupposition and discussion of the concept of environmentally friendly lighting

Lighting Design Engineering is an integrated discipline application engineering involving electrical engineering, optics, environmental science, biology and lighting art. Professional lighting design also involves knowledge of various professional fields, such as road lighting involving transportation science, stadium lighting involving sports science, etc. The visible lighting design is very complicated. Because of the complexity, the effect of lighting engineering design is difficult to quantify before implementation, and sometimes it is not satisfied after the completion of the project.

At present, the domestic lighting design is generally completed in two stages. The architectural design institute completes the basic lighting of the construction project, and some professional companies contract the design of large halls, venues and landscape lighting. The design of the design institute mainly completes the general space lighting layout, general lighting selection, lighting distribution; less consideration for lighting quality, lighting art and environment. Although some professional companies have better considered the lighting art and the environment, because their own strength is insufficient or the considerations are different, sometimes the design is very one-sided. If the illumination is not in compliance with the standard, the lighting distribution is unreasonable and there are hidden dangers, light source and It is not the case that the lamp is not properly selected.

To solve the above problems, we should strengthen the business construction of professional lighting design teams and improve the awareness of lighting design quality. Therefore, lighting design workers are required to not only master the theory of lighting design, but also to understand the new developments of lighting technology at home and abroad. Promoting green lighting is the current lighting engineering policy.

The concept of green lighting Green lighting refers to the use of scientific lighting design, the use of high efficiency, long life, safety and stable performance of lighting electrical products (electric light source, lighting electrical accessories, lamps, wiring equipment, and dimming controllers and Light control devices) improve the conditions and quality of people's work, study and life, thus creating an efficient, comfortable, safe, economic and beneficial environment and fully embody the lighting of modern civilization.

From the above concepts, it is recognized that lighting projects must implement sustainable development strategies, put conservation first, and improve resource utilization efficiency. Because green lighting can save energy, saving energy is important to protect the environment.

The energy-saving potential of architectural lighting mainly includes the potential of electric light source, the potential of lighting, and the potential of design and operation management. In theory, the amount of electricity used for lighting (L) can be expressed as: L = WT) (EA / FK) = EAT / Kη where W - the electric power consumed by each luminaire, KW / Taiwan; T - turn on time , h; E-average design illuminance, lx; A-floor area, m 2; F- bulb lumens per lamp, lm; K-maintenance factor; η-bulb overall efficiency [F/W]. Therefore, in order to reduce the lighting power consumption, we must try to use high-efficiency light bulbs, improve the maintenance rate of the lamps; or reduce the lighting time, maintain proper illumination and use local lighting as much as possible. However, the principle of energy saving in lighting is to save energy while ensuring sufficient lighting brightness and quality. Therefore, choosing reasonable illumination (E), efficient bulb lumens (F) and improving overall efficiency (η), strengthening operational management, etc., is of great significance for building lighting energy conservation.

Green lighting includes the rational use of electric light sources, electrical accessories, lamps, wiring equipment, and dimming and light control devices. For example, the use of energy-efficient electric light source, the use of high-efficiency energy-saving lighting fixtures, the use of energy-efficient lighting electrical accessories, the use of energy-saving magnetic ballasts and electronic ballasts to replace the traditional high-energy magnetic ballasts. A variety of lighting energy-saving control devices or devices. Green lighting aims to improve the conditions and quality of people's work, study and life. Therefore, designers must understand the requirements of green lighting and master the national lighting design specifications to meet the requirements.

According to the concept of green lighting, in the practice of lighting design, the following issues should be brought to the attention of people. Lighting design is an art in architecture and design projects, from high-tech buildings to native architecture. In terms of space, whether it is a recreation room or a grand ballroom, lighting art can bring people into a warm dream. The application of lighting design art will make the built environment more comfortable. The work of lighting designers is to further enrich the connotation of the building, rather than simply completing a project, although the architectural design and lighting design are completed by architects and lighting designers in different time periods.

In fact, there are differences in design ideas, design styles, and design levels. However, it should emphasize the importance of the latter to the architect's design thinking, emphasize the respect for the architect's creation, fully understand and understand the architect's design intent before the lighting design, and finally make the building a perfect artwork. .

Choose a reasonable illuminance standard. In May 1990, China issued the "Design Standard for Civil Building Lighting". Due to the vast territory of China, the economic conditions of different regions are different, and the national customs are different. Therefore, when selecting the illumination standard, it should be determined in the high, medium and low values ​​recommended by the regulations. Reasonable standards. The standard value should be determined to a moderate degree. For example, the office and conference room illuminance values ​​in office buildings are 100, 150, and 200 LX, respectively, which refers to the illuminance value of the 0.75 m horizontal plane; the design room and drawing room illuminance values ​​are 200, 300, and 500 LX, respectively. , refers to the illuminance value of the actual working surface. That is to say, for the design room and the drawing room, the lighting design should consider two kinds of lighting from the perspective of energy saving: general lighting and partial lighting, and the sum of their illuminations meets the standard requirements. Another example is the intelligent building design standard, which is mainly suitable for office buildings.

In the chapter on environment, the horizontal illumination of the visual lighting environment shall be specified. The standards of Grades A, B and C shall be not less than 500, 400 and 300 LX respectively; because it is an intelligent building, the illumination standard is significantly higher than that of the "Design Standard for Civil Building Lighting". However, not all buildings in intelligent buildings have such high visual requirements. The illuminance standards should be determined according to different purposes, and 500, 400, 300 LX should refer to the illuminance value of the actual working surface.

Popularizing computer-aided lighting design Computer-aided lighting design is no longer a new topic. In 1992, the PC1500 machine was used to calculate the illumination of large textile workshops, indoor stadiums and 1,000-person international conference halls. According to the calculation, the arrangement and combination of the lamps are adjusted, so that the illuminance and uniformity of the design meet the requirements. However, computer-aided lighting design has not been promoted. The reason is that there is no suitable lighting design software. Although there are many professional lighting companies in foreign countries, the lighting database can not be used, plus the factors such as unconformity and price hinder the application of design software. Domestic design institute lighting design rarely uses computer-aided lighting design. At present, there are many domestic lighting manufacturers, and the technical parameters of the lamps should be standardized, and the domestic lighting database should be jointly developed for computer-aided lighting design.

Functional buildings, such as stadiums, large-scale factories, etc., high-end civil buildings, such as the Grand Theatre, the General Assembly Hall, etc. should be calculated on the basis of the initial design. According to the calculation results, adjust the arrangement and combination of the lamps, so that the illuminance and uniformity of the design meet the requirements; after the equipment is ordered, the lamps determined by the preliminary design shall be implemented, and if there is any change, the composite calculation shall be carried out. In the stage of architectural decoration, the materials for ceiling, wall and floor should be implemented to ensure consistency with the calculation conditions. However, many important projects have not been done so far, so that the project found that the illumination is too low or the illumination is too high, resulting in passiveness. It is imperative to popularize computer-aided lighting design.

At present, lighting control systems are generally connected in series by a building automation (BA) system in some lighting circuits, such as regional control, time switch, central monitoring and other functions by controlling these contacts. However, this control method has certain limitations: a. The number of control loops is generally small, only a large area control. If the loop is divided, the cost is more expensive.

b. The switch is usually not set on the site. All lighting circuits are controlled by the BA central control room. The scene cannot be interfered with the lighting state and is inconvenient to use.

c. The control function is simple, and only the functions of timing and switching can be realized. It is difficult to implement complex function technologies such as scene preset, brightness adjustment, soft start soft shutdown.

d. Since the lighting system is not a stand-alone system, the lighting system is also affected when the BA system fails.

Therefore, the use of intelligent lighting systems that operate independently in the market has emerged.

It has an independent control protocol, which is relatively simple compared to the BA system, fully meets the needs of lighting control, and the price is more competitive. At present, most intelligent lighting control systems use fieldbus technology, which has the characteristics and openness of distributed intelligent control; and the product has multiple interface units (RS232, Ethernet, etc.) and powerful interface programs, many systems or software can be convenient The ground is integrated with it. Therefore, the use of intelligent lighting control system will make the design simpler, faster to install, more flexible to use, and easier to manage.

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